G-X5CrNi13.4不锈钢水斗现场检测方法

针对国内水头最高的水电站——西藏羊卓雍湖抽水蓄能电站4^#机水斗断裂事故，开展了在役机组水斗检测方法的研究，对照各种检测方法的差异，找出了最为有效的检测手段。     

高频MOS－CV特性的界面态形变及其测量

讨论了工艺过程中产生的界面态陷阱电荷Ｑ（ｉｔ）对高频ＭＯＳ－ＣＶ特性线的形变规律，提出了一种沿电压方向形变的数据处理方法，以此算出Ｑ（ｉｔ）密度在禁带中的分布，并对常规高频ＣＶ法的测量误差作了讨论和修正，由于数据的采集和处理可以由微机完成，使这种方法变得简便、准确并易于在工艺线上推广使用。     

智能化44点啤酒发酵温度巡测仪

本文将八十年代最新研制的集成温度传感器ＡＤ５９０、８０９０单片机，可编程逻辑器件ＧＡＬ－１６Ｖ８Ａ等新器件及智能化新技术，集中应用于啤酒发酵过程的温度检测。与传统人工测温相比，具有测温精度高、稳定性好、反应快、可远距离自动检测、定时打印，减轻工人劳动强度、调节啤酒发酵温度的响应速度快等特点。     

切削刀具倒棱刃口挤压力的理论计算

根据试验观察．揭出了刀具刃口带负倒棱时的切削模型。在此模型中,刀具刃口 存在一个“金属死区”。以新模型为基础．采用能量法,对高温、高应变率下刀具刃 口的挤压力进行了理论计算。所做工作的特点是：１）在材料变形分析中计入了挤压 层金属绕过刀具刃口时的过剩变形;２）进行有关材料变形与物理特性的计算时,考 虑了温度与应变率的影响。利用新研制的压电式切削测力仪进行验证试验,其结果表 明,理论计算值与实测数据较好一致。     

轮式分页输纸中的摩擦问题

本文着重研究了输纸轮与纸面间以及纸与纸间的静、动摩擦特性。分析了分页输纸的力学条件,并通过各种结构输纸胶轮和国产纸张的实验证明了正压力与摩擦系数之间存在着非线性关系。得出了一系列曲线。指出:利用非线性摩擦特性是分页输纸的理论基础,为设计简单的张簧式给纸盒提供了科学依据。经“OA”设备的OCR和OMR使用证明分页输纸稳定可靠。     

也谈“用惠斯通电桥测电阻”实验

本文主要对杨介信、陈国英编写《普通物理实验(二、电磁学部分)》“用惠斯通电桥测电阻”实验中δR_(x0)=(R_4/R_3)δR_2的含意等五个问题,提出自己的不同看法。     

The induction of secondary seed dormancy by oxygen deficiency in a barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-galli

At 25°C, secondary dormancy was induced in seeds ofE. crus-galli exposed for 100 days to oxygen deficiency. By contrast, hypoxia did not induce dormancy at 15°C or prevent dormancy termination at 7°C. Secondary dormancy was terminated after 2 months stratification at 7°C. Oxygen deficiency may increase the proportion of dormant seeds in the soil, and affect the dynamics of the barnyard-grass soil seed bank.We thank Miss Jitka Králová for her excellent technical assistance.     

Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.     

钢坯磨削温度的若干试验研究

通过使用“可磨式”人工热电偶进行的不同条件下的磨削温度测量试验研究了钢坯磨削工件表层温度,结果表明钢坯被磨削表层温度分布与热强呈三角形分布时的理论分析结果相同,表层峰值温度随磨削压力及磨削功率增大而提高,且随工件进给速度提高而略有降低,峰值温度还随磨削角度减小而提高,90°磨削的峰值温度比0°磨削要低250℃左右,砂轮种类也对峰值温度有重要影响,使用锆刚玉砂轮时磨削温度低于棕刚玉砂轮,试验结果表明高效钢坯磨削的磨削区温度远比普通磨削为高,可达1200℃左右,还从不同方面探讨了磨削高温对钢坯磨削的影响,认为尽管磨削高温有若干不利影响,但对高效钢坯磨削却是重要条件,上述讨论,从一个方面揭示了钢坯磨削机理,并验证了关于钢坯磨削温度的理论分析结果。     

Photoperiodic summation is temperature-dependent inPyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera)

Summary InPyrrhocoris apterus, a low temperature, 15°C, prevented the termination of diapause by long days and, unexpectedly, also the induction of diapause by short days. Both responses were enabled at a higher temperature, 26°C. In contrast to current concepts, it was proved that the summation of photoperiodic signals was temperature-dependent, since the morphogenetic development was prevented by starvation.